Chapter 19 Enterprise services

--->  IN services          1800- Free phone

                                    1860- Universal access number

                                    1867 –Premium rate service

                                    1868 –Universal personnel number

--->  SaaS—Software as a service

--->  BSNL’s managed service product

            Easycom- Broadband, Bizcom- 64 to 1 mbps lease line,

Entcom- more than 2mbps leaseline

--->  MPLS is often referred to as a "Layer 2.5" protocol.

--->  CE router--The routers connecting individual customers' sites to the service provider network were called customer edge (CE) routers.

--->  PE router--Service provider devices to which the CE routers were directly attached were called provider edge (PE) routers.

--->  Overlay model: Service provider doesn‘t participate in customers routing, only provides transport to customer data using virtual point-to-point circuits, If the virtual circuit was permanent(PVC), or established by the provider on-demand, it was called a switched virtual circuit (SVC).

--->  Peer-to-peer model: The service provider would actively participate in customer routing, doesn’t require Virtual circuits

--->  The radio modems in BSNL are of RADWIN make ,Frequency band: 2 GHz (free band)

--->  SDH (SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY): was first introduced into the telecommunications network in 1992 It‘s based on overlaying a synchronous multiplexed signal onto a light stream transmitted over fiber-optic cable.

--->   Logical component of SDH

            --Terminal Multiplexor

            --Add Drop Multiplexor- most important NE in SDH

            --Regenerator—Two types—Optical and Electrical—doesn’t require X-connect

--->  ADM and TM have the cross-connection function.

--->  The core of DXC is a cross-connect matrix

--->  STM–1, the building block frame structure of the SDH hierarchy. The STM–1 payloads are then multiplexed to be sent out on the single fiber at a single rate: STM-4 to STM-16 to STM-64 and eventually to STM-256.

--->  OXC--Optical cross connects (OXC) are designed such  that light in one fiber can be moved to a different fiber, One of the most common techniques being developed is that of the tiny moveable mirrors known as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).

ENTERPRISE SERVICES & TECHNOLOGY

1. BCG - Boston Consultancy Group
2. Enterprise customer desires – OPEX model
3. MPLS - Multi-Protocol Label Switching
4. VPN – Virtual Private Network
5. MLLN - Managed Leased Line Network
6. MLLN deals with data rates – 64 Kbps to 2048 Kbps
7. VSAT – Very Small Aperture Terminals
8. Initially VSATs – receive only terminals for C band signals of TV broadcast
9. VSAT centralized NOC - Bangalore
10. ILL  - Internet Leased Line
11. MNS -  Managed Network Services
12. PRI - Primary Rate Interface
13. PRI offers over a single telephone copper pair – 30 channels
14. IN – Intelligent Network
15. IN numbering starts with – 18
16. SaaS – Software as a Service
17. NIB - National Internet Backbone
18. MPLS is called in Layered architecture as – Layer 2.5 protocol
19. MPLS applicable for - circuit-based clients and packet-switching clients
20. In MPLS data forwarding decisions are made using – LABELS.
21. MPLS VPN models – Overlay & Peer to Peer
22. QoS – Quality of Service
23. CoS – Class of Service
24. WAN – Wide Area Network
25. SDH - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
26. VSAT networks can be arranged in - point to point, star, mesh, star/mesh, and broadcast configurations.
27. The radio modems in BSNL are of -  RADWIN make.
28. Antenna height at customer end varies from - 3m to 20m.
29. NEs in an SDH network are :

TM - Terminal Multiplexer

ADM – Add-drop Multiplexer

REG – Regenerator

DXC - Digital Cross-connection System

30. DWDM - Dense wavelength division multiplexing